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| | Broken ribs | |
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admin Admin
Posts : 2302 Reputation : 0 Join date : 2010-12-20 Age : 46
| Subject: Broken ribs Wed Jan 05, 2011 9:33 pm | |
| A broken rib, or fractured rib, is a common injury that occurs when one of the bones in your rib cage breaks or cracks. The most common cause of broken ribs is trauma to the chest, such as from a fall, motor vehicle accident or impact during contact sports. Many broken ribs are merely cracked. While still painful, cracked ribs aren't as potentially dangerous as ribs that have been broken into two or more pieces. In these situations, a jagged piece of bone could damage major blood vessels or internal organs. In most cases, broken ribs usually heal on their own in one or two months. Adequate pain control is important, so you can continue to breathe deeply and avoid lung complications, such as pneumonia. Symptoms Symptoms of a broken rib may include: * Pain when you take a deep breath * Pain that gets worse when you press on the injured area, or when you bend or twist your body When to see a doctor See your doctor if you have a very tender spot in your rib area that occurs after trauma or is present with deep breaths or hinders your breathing. If you experience pressure, fullness or a squeezing pain in the center of your chest that lasts for more than a few minutes, pain that extends beyond your chest to your shoulder or arm, and increasing episodes of chest pain, get medical attention immediately. These symptoms may indicate a heart attack. Causes Broken ribs can be caused by direct impact or repetitive trauma. Direct impact * Motor vehicle accidents * Falls * Child abuse * Contact sports Repetitive trauma * Sports such as baseball, basketball, golf or rowing * Severe and prolonged coughing spells Risk factors The following factors can increase your risk of breaking a rib: * Osteoporosis. Having osteoporosis, a disease in which your bones lose their density, makes you more susceptible to a bone fracture. * Sports participation. Participating in contact sports, such as hockey or football, increases your risk of trauma to your chest, which can result in a rib fracture. * Cancerous lesion in a rib. A cancerous lesion can weaken the bone, making it more susceptible to breaks. Complications Broken ribs that are in more than one piece, as opposed to just being cracked, can injure blood vessels and internal organs. The risk increases with the number of broken ribs. Complications vary depending on which ribs have been broken. To aid in identification, ribs are numbered sequentially from the top down. Upper ribs It takes more force to break any of your first three ribs, because they're protected by your collarbone and shoulder blades. But if one of these upper ribs is broken, a jagged edge can pierce a major blood vessel, such as the aorta. Middle ribs Your middle ribs are the most likely to be broken by blunt trauma. The broken ends of these ribs can cause bleeding or puncture your lung and cause it to collapse. Lower ribs Your bottom two ribs are less likely to break, because they aren't attached to your breastbone (sternum) and this makes them more flexible. But if any of your lower ribs do break, the broken ends can cause serious damage to your spleen, liver or kidneys. Preparing for your appointment Because many broken ribs are caused by motor vehicle accidents, you may find out you have a broken rib in a hospital's emergency department. If your broken rib was caused by repetitive stress over time, you may seek advice from your family physician. What you can do You may want to write a list that includes: * Detailed descriptions of your symptoms * Information about medical problems you've had * Information about the medical problems of your parents or siblings * All the medications and dietary supplements you take * Questions you want to ask the doctor What to expect from your doctor Your doctor may ask: * Where exactly does it hurt? * When did the pain start? * Did anything precipitate it? * Does any action make the pain better or worse? During the physical exam, your doctor will press gently on your ribs. He or she may also listen to your lungs and watch your rib cage move as you breathe. Tests and diagnosis Your doctor may order one or more of the following imaging tests: X-ray Using low levels of radiation, X-rays are a good tool to visualize bone. But X-rays often have problems revealing fresh rib fractures, especially if the bone is merely cracked. X-rays are also useful in diagnosing a collapsed lung. Computerized tomography (CT) CT scans can often uncover rib fractures that X-rays might miss. Injuries to soft tissues and blood vessels are also easier to see on CT scans. This technology takes X-rays from a variety of angles and combines them to depict cross-sectional slices of your body's internal structures. The test is painless and usually takes less than 20 minutes. Bone scan This technique is good for viewing stress fractures, where a bone is cracked after repetitive trauma — such as long bouts of coughing. During a bone scan, a small amount of radioactive material is injected into your bloodstream. It collects in the bones, particularly in places where a bone is healing, and is detected by a scanner. Treatments and drugs Most broken ribs heal on their own within six weeks. Medications It's important to obtain adequate pain relief because if it hurts too much to breathe deeply, you may develop pneumonia. * Over-the-counter drugs. Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) — such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) and naproxen (Aleve) — may help relieve discomfort as you wait for the fracture to heal. * Other pain medications. If NSAIDs or acetaminophen don't work well enough, your doctor may prescribe stronger pain medications. * Nerve blocks. If the pain is severe, your doctor may suggest injections of long-lasting anesthesia around the nerves that supply the ribs. Therapy In the past, doctors would use compression wraps — elastic bandages that you can wrap around your chest — to help "splint" and immobilize the area. Compression wraps aren't recommended for broken ribs anymore because they can keep you from taking deep breaths, which can increase the risk of pneumonia. Prevention The following measures may help you prevent a broken rib: * Protect yourself from athletic injuries. Wear protective equipment when playing contact sports. * Take steps to decrease your risk of household falls. Remove clutter from your floors and clean spills promptly, use a rubber mat in the shower, keep your home well lit, and put skid-proof backing on carpets and area rugs. * Decrease your chance of getting osteoporosis. Getting enough calcium in your diet is important for maintaining strong bones. Aim for about 1,200 milligrams of calcium daily from food and supplements. | |
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