Black, hairy tongue

Black, hairy tongue is a temporary,
harmless (benign) oral condition that gives your tongue a dark, furry
appearance. The distinct look of black, hairy tongue usually results
from an overgrowth of bacteria in the mouth.

Although black, hairy tongue may look alarming, it doesn't cause any
health problems. Black, hairy tongue usually resolves without medical
treatment.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of black, hairy tongue include:

* Black, yellow or brown discoloration of the tongue
* A hairy or furry appearance of the tongue
* Altered taste or metallic taste in mouth
* Bad breath (halitosis)
* Gagging sensation in some people

When to see a doctor
Though unattractive, black, hairy tongue is usually a temporary, harmless condition.

See your doctor if:

* You're concerned about the appearance of your tongue
* Your signs and symptoms persist for more than 10 days

Causes

Black, hairy tongue typically results when projections on the tongue
called papillae grow longer (elongate) and don't shed like normal. This
makes the tongue look hairy. Debris, bacteria or other organisms can
collect on the papillae and result in black, yellow or brown
discoloration.

The cause of black, hairy tongue can't always be determined. However, potential causes include:

* Changes in the normal bacteria or yeast content of the mouth following antibiotic use
* Poor oral hygiene
* Breathing through your mouth
* Medications containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol
* Regular use of mouthwashes containing oxidizing agents, such as
peroxide, or astringent agents, such as witch hazel or menthol
* Heavy tobacco use

Preparing for your appointment

If, despite brushing your teeth and tongue twice daily black, hairy
tongue persists, make an appointment with your doctor or dentist. Here's
information to help you get ready for your appointment, and what to
expect from your doctor or dentist.

What you can do
Consider preparing a list of questions to ask your doctor or dentist. Some questions you may want to discuss include:

* What is likely causing my symptoms?
* What is the best course of action?
* Are there any restrictions that I need to follow?
* Can I wait to see if the condition goes away on its own?
* What kind of follow-up, if any, should I expect?

Don't hesitate to ask other questions during your appointment at any time if you don't understand something.

What to expect from your doctor or dentist
Your doctor or dentist may ask you questions about your symptoms and dental care practices. He or she may ask:

* When did you first notice the symptoms?
* Is the condition bothersome?
* Are your symptoms occasional or continuous?
* How often do you brush your teeth or clean your dentures?
* How often do you floss?
* What kind of mouthwash do you use?
* How much coffee or tea do you drink?
* Do you use tobacco products?
* What medications do you take?
* Do you breathe through your mouth?

Treatments and drugs

Black, hairy tongue typically doesn't require medical treatment. Though unattractive, it's a temporary, harmless condition.

Practicing good oral hygiene and eliminating factors that potentially
contribute to the condition — such as tobacco use or medications that
contain bismuth — help resolve black, hairy tongue. Talk to your doctor
or dentist before discontinuing a prescribed medication.


Lifestyle and home remedies

To practice good oral health and to remove the tongue discoloration:

* Brush after eating or drinking. Brush your teeth at least twice a
day and ideally after every meal, using fluoride-containing toothpaste.
If you can't brush after eating, at least try to rinse your mouth with
water.
* Floss at least once a day. Proper flossing removes food particles and plaque from between your teeth.
* Brush your tongue. Giving your tongue a gentle brushing removes
dead cells, bacteria and food debris. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or a
flexible tongue scraper.
* Visit your dentist regularly. Get professional tooth cleanings and
regular oral exams, which can help your dentist prevent problems or
spot them early. Your dentist can recommend a schedule for your
situation.